Title IX

Title IX is a federal civil rights law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in all K–12 education programs and activities that receive federal funding. This law applies to all public school districts and any private elementary or secondary schools that receive federal financial assistance.
Title IX ensures that all students and employees are provided equal access to educational opportunities and are treated fairly in school programs, activities, and employment practices.

The statute states:

“No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.”

n K–12 settings, Title IX protects students and employees from sex-based discrimination, including but not limited to:

• Sexual harassment and sexual assault
• Gender-based harassment or bullying
• Discrimination related to pregnancy, childbirth, or parental status
• Unequal treatment in academic programs, extracurricular activities, or athletics
• Retaliation against individuals who report Title IX concerns or participate in an investigation

Title IX applies to students, staff, volunteers, and others participating in school-sponsored programs and activities.

The objectives of Title IX in K–12 schools are to:

• Ensure schools do not use federal funds to support discriminatory practices;
• Promote equal access to educational programs and activities for all students;
• Protect students and staff from sex-based discrimination and harassment;
• Provide clear processes for reporting, investigating, and resolving Title IX concerns;
• Foster a safe, respectful, and equitable learning environment.

Schools are required to respond promptly and appropriately to all reports of possible Title IX violations.